C2 · Rare and literary forms

Es lebe die Freiheit! Gott sei Dank.

Konjunktiv I as a wish: Es lebe …, Gott sei Dank

FormKonjunktiv I in festen Wendungen: Es lebe …! | Gott sei Dank | komme, was wolle

Meaning and usage

Konjunktiv I can express a wish or an instruction, but today only in fixed phrases: Es lebe die Freiheit! (long live freedom), Gott sei Dank (thank God), komme, was wolle (come what may), koste es, was es wolle (at any cost), so wahr mir Gott helfe (so help me God, in an oath).

Old recipes use it for instructions: Man nehme drei Eier (take three eggs). Mathematics still uses it freely: Sei x eine reelle Zahl (let x be a real number). Outside these phrases a wish takes another form, such as hoffentlich. Gott sei Dank and koste es, was es wolle are everyday German; the rest you mostly read.

Examples 6

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Wir müssen den Zug erreichen, koste es, was es .

    Show answer

    Correct answer: wolle

    koste es, was es wolle = whatever it costs, a frozen Konjunktiv I: both koste and wolle are subjunctive.

    • will is the indicative; the fixed phrase uses the Konjunktiv I wolle.
    • wollte is the preterite or Konjunktiv II; the phrase is fixed in Konjunktiv I.
    • wollen is plural, but the subject is es.

In this topic: Rare and literary forms

  1. Es lebe die Freiheit! Gott sei Dank. Konjunktiv I as a wish: Es lebe …, Gott sei Dank
  2. Möge das neue Jahr Glück bringen! möge: a wish (May …!) or a formal reported request
  3. Das bedarf keiner Erklärung. verbs with a genitive object: bedürfen, beschuldigen
  4. Ich bin mir der Gefahr bewusst. sich einer Sache bewusst sein: to be aware of
  5. hülfe, stürbe, stünde old Konjunktiv II forms: hülfe, stürbe, stünde
  6. Es war einmal ein König, der hatte drei Töchter. fairy-tale style: Es war einmal …, der hatte …
  7. ward, mich dünkt, es ziemt sich, es obliegt Ihnen old and legal verbs: ward, dünkt, ziemt sich, obliegt

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

Help me keep building German Fluent

If this site has helped you study, your support helps me keep improving it.