A1 · Perfect tense

angerufen, eingekauft

Separable verbs: ge- goes inside the verb

FormPräfix + ge- + Verbstamm (Partizip II am Satzende)

Meaning and usage

Some German verbs have a prefix that can move away from the verb, for example anrufen (to call) and einkaufen (to shop). In the perfect tense these verbs put ge- between the prefix and the stem: an + ge + rufen becomes angerufen, and ein + ge + kaufen becomes eingekauft. The whole participle stands at the end of the sentence.

Learners often put ge- at the front of the whole verb and say geanrufen or geeinkauft. That is not German. The prefix stays first, then ge-, then the stem. Verbs with the prefixes be-, ver-, er- and ent- never take ge- at all.

Examples 6

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Ich habe gestern im Supermarkt .

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    Correct answer: eingekauft

    einkaufen is separable, so ge- goes between ein- and the stem: eingekauft.

    • eingekaufen kaufen is a regular verb, so the participle ends in -t.
    • einkaufen is the infinitive, and the perfect needs the participle.
    • gekauft needs an object, the thing you bought.

In this topic: Perfect tense

  1. haben + … + Partizip most verbs form the perfect with haben
  2. gemacht: ge- … -t regular verbs: ge- + stem + -t
  3. gegessen: ge- … -en strong verbs: ge- + stem + -en
  4. angerufen, eingekauft Separable verbs: ge- goes inside the verb
  5. studiert, besucht No ge- in participles of -ieren and inseparable verbs
  6. sein + … + gefahren went, came, arrived: movement in the perfect
  7. war, hatte was, were, had (simple past of sein and haben)

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.