A1 · Word order

und, aber, oder, denn

und, aber, oder, denn: verb stays in position 2

FormHauptsatz 1 + und / aber / oder / denn + Hauptsatz 2 (Verb an Position 2)

Meaning and usage

These four words join two main clauses. After them the word order does not change: the conjugated verb is still in position 2. If the subject is first, it comes before the verb; if another element is first, the verb comes before the subject. For example: Ich bin müde, aber ich gehe noch arbeiten. and Ich bin müde, aber heute gehe ich früh ins Bett.

Use und to add, aber to contrast, oder to give a choice, and denn to give a reason. The mistake to avoid is putting the verb at the end after these words, as in a subordinate clause. Say Ich bleibe zu Hause, denn ich bin krank., not ..., denn ich krank bin.

Examples 5

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Ich bleibe heute zu Hause, denn ich krank.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: bin

    denn joins two main clauses and does not change the word order. The subject ich is first in its clause, so the verb bin comes second.

    • ist goes with er, sie or es, not with ich.
    • bist goes with du, not with ich.
    • sein is the infinitive and cannot be the conjugated verb here.

In this topic: Word order

  1. Verb an Position 2 The conjugated verb comes second in a statement
  2. Heute lerne ich … Time first, then verb, then subject
  3. Ich will morgen … fahren. Two verb parts, one second, one last
  4. und, aber, oder, denn und, aber, oder, denn: verb stays in position 2
  5. morgen nach Berlin time before place in the middle of a sentence

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.