C1 · Word formation

laden → entladen, kommen → entkommen

ent-: removing, escaping, undoing

Forment- + Verb / Nomen: laden → entladen, Mut → entmutigen

Meaning and usage

ent- means taking something away, getting away, or undoing a state. laden (load) gives entladen (unload); kommen gives entkommen (escape); lassen gives entlassen (release, dismiss); fern (far) gives entfernen (remove).

It also builds verbs from nouns and adjectives, meaning to take that thing away: der Mut → entmutigen (discourage), die Waffe → entwaffnen (disarm), scharf → entschärfen (defuse). ent- is inseparable, so the Partizip II has no ge-: Mein Vater ist aus dem Krankenhaus entlassen worden.

Examples 6

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Die Polizei hat die Bombe rechtzeitig .

    Show answer

    Correct answer: entschärft

    A bomb is made safe by taking away what makes it dangerous: ent- + scharf gives entschärfen. No ge- in the participle.

    • geschärft schärfen means to sharpen, which is not done to a bomb.
    • verschärft verschärfen means to make worse or stricter, the opposite.
    • zerschärft zerschärfen is not a German word.

In this topic: Word formation

  1. auf eine Frage antworten → eine Frage beantworten be-: a prepositional object becomes a direct object
  2. sich verlaufen, sich verrechnen, verwechseln ver-: doing something the wrong way
  3. laden → entladen, kommen → entkommen ent-: removing, escaping, undoing
  4. trinken → ertrinken, kämpfen → erkämpfen er-: reaching a result, or a new state
  5. zerbrechen, zerstören, missverstehen zer- into pieces, miss- wrongly
  6. die: -schaft, -tät, -ion, -ik, -ur feminine endings: -schaft, -tät, -ion, -ik, -ur
  7. der: -ling, -ismus, -ist, -or masculine endings: -ling, -ismus, -ist, -or
  8. das: -um, -ment, -tum neuter endings: -um, -ment, -tum
  9. Wohnung + Suche → die Wohnungssuche the linking -s- after -ung, -heit, -keit, -schaft

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

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