C1 · Participial clauses

In Berlin angekommen, rief er sofort an.

a Partizip II phrase in place of a whole clause

FormPartizip-II-Gruppe, + Verb + Subjekt … (gleiches Subjekt)

Meaning and usage

A Partizip II phrase at the start, closed by a comma, can stand for a whole clause: In Berlin angekommen, rief er sofort an means Nachdem er in Berlin angekommen war, rief er sofort an. With most verbs the meaning is passive: Von allen Seiten kritisiert, trat der Minister zurück (after he had been criticised). The phrase counts as the first element, so the verb comes next.

The participle has no subject of its own. It takes the subject of the main clause, so both must be the same person or thing. In Berlin angekommen, war das Wetter schlecht would say the weather arrived. You meet this in news, reports and novels; in speech, people use nachdem, weil or als.

Examples 5

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Nach Hause , machte er sich einen Tee.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: zurückgekehrt

    The phrase replaces Nachdem er nach Hause zurückgekehrt war: the return came first, so it is Partizip II, and the main clause's subject er is the one who returned.

    • zurückzukehren A zu-infinitive cannot stand on its own in place of a clause here.
    • zurückkehrend is Partizip I, which means at the same time: he would be making tea while still on the way.
    • zurückgekehrt war With a finite verb (war) the clause needs a conjunction and a subject: Nachdem er … zurückgekehrt war.

In this topic: Participial clauses

  1. In Berlin angekommen, rief er sofort an. a Partizip II phrase in place of a whole clause
  2. Aus dem Fenster blickend, dachte sie an früher. a Partizip I phrase: two things at the same time
  3. ehrlich gesagt, genau genommen, zusammenfassend set phrases: to be honest, strictly speaking, in short
  4. abgesehen von, verglichen mit apart from, compared with: participles as prepositions

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

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