B2 · Modal particles

Was machst du denn?

denn in questions: friendly interest

FormW-Frage / Ja-Nein-Frage + denn (Mittelfeld)

Meaning and usage

In questions, denn adds interest and makes the question sound friendly and natural rather than abrupt: Was machst du denn?, Wo warst du denn?, Wie heißt denn der Laden? A bare question is correct but can sound like an interrogation; denn is what people usually add.

It sits after the verb and the pronouns. It can also show surprise or mild impatience: Warum hast du uns denn nicht gesagt, dass du Französisch sprichst? This denn appears only in questions. The conjunction denn (because) is a different word and stands between two main clauses.

Examples 5

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Hallo Anna! Was machst du hier?

    Show answer

    Correct answer: denn

    In a question, the particle that adds friendly interest is denn: Was machst du denn hier?

    • doch appeals to shared knowledge in statements and requests, not in a w-question like this.
    • ja marks shared knowledge or surprise in statements.
    • eben expresses resignation in statements.

In this topic: Modal particles

  1. Das weißt du doch! doch: you know that, surely
  2. Das ist ja interessant! ja: as we both know, or real surprise
  3. Was machst du denn? denn in questions: friendly interest
  4. Das ist eben so. Das ist halt so. eben, halt: that's how it is
  5. Er ist wohl krank. wohl: probably, I suppose
  6. Das wird schon klappen. schon: it'll be all right, reassurance

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

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