B1 · Past perfect

Ich hatte schon gegessen, als er kam.

the earlier of two past events

FormPlusquamperfekt (früher) + Präteritum/Perfekt (später)

Meaning and usage

The past perfect has one job: it marks which of two past events came first. Ich hatte schon gegessen, als er kam: the eating came first, his arrival second. Sie war gerade nach Hause gekommen, als ich anrief. The later event is usually in the preterite or the perfect.

With no second past event, the past perfect is rare. It is most common after nachdem and with als, weil or schon, which make the order clear. In everyday speech Germans often use the perfect with schon or vorher instead: Ich habe ihn vorher schon angerufen. Learners sometimes use it for a single past event, as in Gestern hatte ich Pizza gegessen; with nothing later to refer to, the perfect is what is meant: Gestern habe ich Pizza gegessen.

Examples 5

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Als ich ins Kino kam, meine Freunde schon nach Hause gegangen.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: waren

    My friends left before I arrived: the earlier event takes the past perfect, and gehen forms it with sein: waren … gegangen.

    • sind gegangen is the perfect; next to the past als ich kam, the earlier event takes the past perfect.
    • hatten gehen is a verb of movement and takes sein, not haben.
    • wurden + participle is the passive, but the friends went home themselves.

In this topic: Past perfect

  1. hatte gemacht, war gegangen past perfect: had done, had gone
  2. Ich hatte schon gegessen, als er kam. the earlier of two past events

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

Help me keep building German Fluent

If this site has helped you study, your support helps me keep improving it.