B1 · um … zu and damit

um … zu

um … zu: in order to

Form…, um (…) zu + Infinitiv (Ende)

Meaning and usage

um … zu says why someone does something: in order to. um opens the clause, the zu-infinitive closes it, and everything else stands in between: Ich lerne Deutsch, um in Wien zu studieren, Sie spart Geld, um sich ein Auto zu kaufen. With a separable verb the zu goes inside: um ein Paket aufzugeben.

The clause has no subject of its own: the person who does the second action is the subject of the main clause. When the subjects differ, German needs damit instead. A common mistake is copying English for: Ich spare für ein Auto zu kaufen instead of Ich spare, um ein Auto zu kaufen.

Examples 5

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Ich stehe früh auf, den ersten Zug zu bekommen.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: um

    The clause says why I get up early and ends in zu bekommen, so it opens with um.

    • damit starts a clause with its own subject and a conjugated verb, not a zu-infinitive.
    • für is a preposition and cannot introduce an infinitive; English for does not translate here.
    • dass needs a subject and a conjugated verb, not a zu-infinitive.

In this topic: um … zu and damit

  1. um … zu um … zu: in order to
  2. damit … Verb damit: so that, with its own subject
  3. um … zu / damit same subject: um … zu; different subject: damit
  4. ohne … zu / ohne dass ohne … zu: without doing something
  5. (an)statt … zu (an)statt … zu: instead of doing something
  6. zu jung, um … zu too … to, enough to: zu …, um … zu

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

Help me keep building German Fluent

If this site has helped you study, your support helps me keep improving it.