B1 · Past perfect

hatte gemacht, war gegangen

past perfect: had done, had gone

Formhatte/war (Position 2) … Partizip II (Ende)

Meaning and usage

The past perfect (Plusquamperfekt) is the perfect with its auxiliary in the preterite: hatte or war + the participle at the end. Ich habe gegessen becomes Ich hatte gegessen (I had eaten); Er ist gegangen becomes Er war gegangen (he had gone).

The choice between hatte and war is the same as between haben and sein in the perfect: verbs of movement and change of state take war, most others hatte. A common mistake is mixing the two: Der Zug hatte schon abgefahren instead of Der Zug war schon abgefahren.

Examples 4

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Als wir ankamen, der Film schon angefangen.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: hatte

    The film started before we arrived, so it takes the past perfect. anfangen forms its perfect with haben, so: hatte angefangen.

    • hat angefangen is the perfect; next to the past als wir ankamen, the earlier event takes the past perfect.
    • wurde + participle is the passive, but the film started on its own.
    • war is for verbs that take sein in the perfect; anfangen takes haben.

In this topic: Past perfect

  1. hatte gemacht, war gegangen past perfect: had done, had gone
  2. Ich hatte schon gegessen, als er kam. the earlier of two past events

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

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