B1 · Relative clauses

der Mann, dem ich helfe; die Kinder, denen …

relative pronoun in the dative: dem, der, denen

FormNomen, dem/der/denen (Dativ) + Subjekt … Verb (Ende),

Meaning and usage

When the relative pronoun has a dative job in its clause, it takes the dative: after verbs like helfen, danken, vertrauen, begegnen and gehören, or for the person something is given to. The forms are dem for masculine and neuter, der for feminine and denen for the plural: der Mann, dem ich geholfen habe, die Frau, der ich das Buch gebe, die Kinder, denen ich das Buch gab.

denen is the one form that differs from the article, which has den in the dative plural. Typical mistakes are die Kinder, den ich helfe and die Leute, die ich vertraue. Check the verb inside the clause: if it takes the dative, the pronoun does too.

Examples 5

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Das ist die Nachbarin, ich beim Umzug geholfen habe.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: der

    helfen takes a dative object, and the pronoun refers back to die Nachbarin, which is feminine. The feminine dative is der.

    • denen is the dative plural, but Nachbarin is singular.
    • die is nominative or accusative, but helfen takes the dative.
    • dem is the dative for masculine and neuter nouns, but Nachbarin is feminine.

In this topic: Relative clauses

  1. der Mann, der dort steht who, which, that: the pronoun is the subject
  2. der Mann, den ich kenne relative pronoun as the object: den, die, das
  3. der Mann, dem ich helfe; die Kinder, denen … relative pronoun in the dative: dem, der, denen
  4. der Kollege, mit dem ich arbeite relative clause with a preposition: mit dem, für die
  5. der Mann, dessen Auto …; die Frau, deren Sohn … whose: dessen and deren
  6. alles, was …; das, was … was as a relative pronoun: alles, was; das, was
  7. die Stadt, wo ich wohne where: wo after a place

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

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