A2 · Adjective endings

kalter Kaffee, frische Milch, kaltes Wasser

adjective endings with no article before the noun

Formkein Artikel + Adjektiv (Endung wie der/die/das) + Nomen

Meaning and usage

When there is no article in front of the noun, the adjective itself has to show the case and gender. It takes the ending that der, die or das would have had: der Kaffee becomes kalter Kaffee, die Milch becomes frische Milch, das Wasser becomes kaltes Wasser. The case counts too: as an object, den Kaffee gives Ich trinke kalten Kaffee.

This happens most often with mass nouns and set phrases: frische Luft, kaltes Wasser, heißer Tee. After a preposition the adjective shows the dative ending: mit kaltem Wasser, bei warmem Wetter. The usual mistake is using the weak ending from the article pattern and saying kalte Kaffee or mit kalte Wasser, because learners copy the ending from der gute Wein.

Examples 4

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Im Sommer trinke ich gern Wasser.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: kaltes

    No article stands before Wasser, so the adjective shows gender and case itself. das Wasser is neuter, and as the object of trinke it is still das Wasser, so the ending is -es: kaltes Wasser.

    • kalter -er fits a masculine subject, as in Kalter Kaffee schmeckt nicht, but Wasser is neuter.
    • kalte -e fits a feminine noun, as in kalte Milch, but Wasser is neuter.
    • kalten -en is the masculine accusative ending, as in Ich trinke kalten Kaffee, but Wasser is neuter.

In this topic: Adjective endings

  1. Der Wein ist gut. Adjective after sein, werden, bleiben: no ending
  2. der gute Wein, die gute Milch the -e adjective ending after der, die, das
  3. den guten Wein, mit dem guten Wein Adjective takes -en after a der-word in most cases
  4. ein guter Wein, ein gutes Bier ein with no ending, so the adjective shows the gender
  5. einen guten Wein, mit einem guten Freund adjective takes -en after einen, einem, einer
  6. die neuen Schuhe, meine neuen Schuhe plural adjectives take -en after any article
  7. kalter Kaffee, frische Milch, kaltes Wasser adjective endings with no article before the noun
  8. zwei kleine Kinder, viele neue Wörter plural adjectives after numbers and viele take -e
  9. dunkel → ein dunkles Zimmer, teuer → ein teures Auto short adjectives drop a letter before an ending

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

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