A2 · Two-way prepositions

sich setzen / sitzen

to sit down vs to be sitting

Formsich setzen + Akkusativ (wohin?) / sitzen + Dativ (wo?)

Meaning and usage

Use sich setzen for the action of sitting down. The phrase after it answers wohin? and takes the accusative: Ich setze mich auf den Stuhl. Use sitzen for the state of being seated. The phrase after it answers wo? and takes the dative: Ich sitze auf dem Stuhl.

The verb choice decides the case. With sich setzen, the person moves to a new place, so the preposition takes the accusative. With sitzen, the person is already there, so the preposition takes the dative. Learners often use the dative after sich setzen because the action feels like a state, or they use the accusative after sitzen because they think of the position as a goal.

Examples 6

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Meine Schwester sich immer auf das Sofa.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: setzt

    sich setzen describes the action of sitting down, and the phrase auf das Sofa shows movement to a place, so the accusative das is correct. The subject meine Schwester is third person singular, so the verb form is setzt.

    • sitze is first person singular, so it does not match the third person subject meine Schwester.
    • setzen is the infinitive or first/third person plural form, so it does not match the singular subject meine Schwester.
    • sitzt is third person singular of sitzen, which describes being seated and would need the dative auf dem Sofa.

In this topic: Two-way prepositions

  1. in die Küche / in der Küche destination takes accusative, location takes dative
  2. auf dem Tisch, auf den Tisch auf + dative for where, auf + accusative for where to
  3. an der Wand, an die Wand an + dative for where, an + accusative for where to
  4. über dem Tisch, unter das Bett über and unter for place: over, across, under
  5. vor dem Haus, hinter dem Haus vor and hinter for in front of and behind
  6. neben dem Stuhl, zwischen den Bäumen neben and zwischen for place, next to and between
  7. ans Meer, auf den Markt, in die Stadt choosing in, an or auf for places
  8. legen / liegen legen lays something down, liegen means to be lying
  9. stellen / stehen stellen for putting upright, stehen for standing
  10. sich setzen / sitzen to sit down vs to be sitting
  11. hängen: hängte / hing hang something vs be hanging
  12. in einer Woche, in zwei Stunden in + dative for a future point in time

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

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