A2 · Comparative and superlative

alt → älter, groß → größer

many short adjectives add an umlaut in the comparative

FormAdjektiv mit a, o, u → Adjektiv + Umlaut + -er

Meaning and usage

Many short adjectives with the vowels a, o or u take an umlaut in the comparative: alt becomes älter, groß becomes größer, jung becomes jünger. The umlaut stays in the superlative too: am ältesten, am größten. This happens with most one-syllable adjectives of this kind, such as warm, kalt, stark, kurz and arm.

Not every short adjective takes an umlaut, so learn the exceptions: klar, voll, froh and bunt stay as they are (so klar wie, am vollsten). A common mistake is adding an umlaut where none belongs, for example klärer instead of klarer, or forgetting it and writing alter when you mean älter.

Examples 5

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Im Winter ist es draußen viel als in der Wohnung.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: kälter

    The adjective kalt has the vowel a and takes an umlaut in the comparative: kälter.

    • kälteste is a superlative form and does not fit with als.
    • kalter has no umlaut and is not the comparative form.
    • mehr kalt is not possible, because German does not use mehr to compare short adjectives.

In this topic: Comparative and superlative

  1. schneller, kleiner, interessanter Add -er to an adjective to compare two things
  2. alt → älter, groß → größer many short adjectives add an umlaut in the comparative
  3. größer als use als after a comparative to say than
  4. so groß wie, nicht so groß wie as ... as, not as ... as
  5. am schnellsten the superlative after a verb: am + adjective + -sten
  6. der schnellste Zug superlative before a noun takes adjective endings
  7. gut, besser, am besten gut has its own comparative and superlative forms
  8. viel, mehr, am meisten much, more, most: the irregular forms of viel
  9. gern, lieber, am liebsten gern, lieber, am liebsten: like, prefer, like best
  10. hoch, höher; nah, näher, am nächsten irregular forms of hoch and nah
  11. ein größeres Haus comparative adjective before a noun keeps its ending

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

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