A2 · Reflexive verbs

Ich wasche mir die Hände.

dative reflexive for body parts, no possessive

FormSubjekt + Verb + Reflexivpronomen (Dativ) + bestimmter Artikel + Körperteil

Meaning and usage

When the object of a reflexive verb is a part of the body or something you wear, German usually uses the dative reflexive pronoun and the definite article: Ich wasche mir die Hände, Er bricht sich das Bein. The dative shows who the body part belongs to, so a possessive like meine is not needed.

Use this pattern with verbs such as waschen, putzen, kämmen, brechen and verletzen. Ich wasche meine Hände is also correct, and learners reach for it because English says my hands, but the dative pattern is what German speakers usually say: Ich wasche mir die Hände.

Examples 5

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Ich putze jeden Abend die Zähne.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: mir

    die Zähne is the accusative object, so the reflexive pronoun is dative: mir. German says Ich putze mir die Zähne, with the definite article, where English says my teeth.

    • mein is a possessive with the wrong ending, and it cannot stand before die either.
    • meine would have to replace die, as in Ich putze meine Zähne; with die there, it has no place.
    • mich is accusative, but die Zähne is already the accusative object.

In this topic: Reflexive verbs

  1. mich, dich, sich, uns, euch the reflexive pronoun copies the subject
  2. sich beeilen, sich erkälten verbs that always need the reflexive pronoun sich
  3. Ich wasche das Auto. Ich wasche mich. Same verb, action turns back on the subject
  4. Ich ziehe mir einen Pullover an. Dative reflexive pronoun when there is another object
  5. Ich wasche mir die Hände. dative reflexive for body parts, no possessive
  6. sich vorstellen / sich etwas vorstellen introduce oneself with mich, imagine with mir
  7. Heute freut sich mein Bruder. the reflexive pronoun sits right after the verb
  8. Ich habe mich beeilt. Reflexive verbs in the perfect with haben
  9. sich freuen auf / über look forward to vs be glad about

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

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