A2 · Strong verbs

sprechen, sprach, gesprochen

strong verbs with a in the past and o in the participle

Formsprechen → sprach (Präteritum) → gesprochen (Partizip II)

Meaning and usage

Some strong verbs change their stem vowel to a in the Präteritum and to o in the Partizip II: sprechen, sprach, gesprochen, helfen, half, geholfen, nehmen, nahm, genommen, treffen, traf, getroffen, brechen, brach, gebrochen, sterben, starb, gestorben, stehlen, stahl, gestohlen, werfen, warf, geworfen, empfehlen, empfahl, empfohlen. A second group starts from i and has the same a and o: beginnen, begann, begonnen, schwimmen, schwamm, geschwommen, gewinnen, gewann, gewonnen.

You must learn these three forms together, because the vowel changes follow no rule you can guess. The Präteritum is common in written stories and reports, while spoken German usually prefers the perfect with haben: Ich habe mit ihm gesprochen. A very common mistake is adding an -te ending as if the verb were weak: forms like sprachte or halfte are not German. The correct forms are sprach and half.

Examples 6

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Gestern er mir beim Kochen.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: half

    The time word gestern signals the past, and the Präteritum of helfen is half.

    • hilft This is the present tense form, which does not fit with gestern.
    • hilfte This ending looks like a weak verb, but helfen is strong and has the Präteritum half.
    • geholfen This participle would need hat in the sentence, for example hat geholfen.

In this topic: Strong verbs

  1. drei Stammformen: gehen, ging, gegangen learn strong verbs as three forms together
  2. bleiben, blieb, geblieben strong verbs with ei that become ie in the past
  3. trinken, trank, getrunken strong verbs with i, a, u: trinken, trank, getrunken
  4. sprechen, sprach, gesprochen strong verbs with a in the past and o in the participle
  5. geben, gab, gegeben strong verbs with e to a in the past, e in the participle
  6. fahren, fuhr, gefahren strong verbs with a → u in the past tense
  7. fliegen, flog, geflogen strong verbs with o in preterite and participle
  8. schlafen, schlief, geschlafen strong verbs with ie in the preterite
  9. stehen, stand, gestanden; tun, tat, getan very common strong verbs with irregular vowel changes

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

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