A2 · Numbers, dates and time

der erste, der zweite, der zwanzigste

saying first, second, twentieth with the right endings

Formder/die/das + Zahlwort + -te (bis 19) / -ste (ab 20) + Adjektivendung

Meaning and usage

Ordinal numbers say which one in a row: first, second, third. You build them from the number: up to 19 you add -te, from 20 up you add -ste. Three forms are irregular and must be learned: der erste, der dritte and der siebte. So 1st is der erste, 3rd is der dritte, 7th is der siebte, but 20th is der zwanzigste and 5th is der fünfte.

Ordinals behave like adjectives, so they take an ending: der erste Tag, am ersten Tag, mein erstes Auto. A very common pattern is zum ersten Mal, meaning for the first time. The typical mistake is leaving the ending off or using the wrong one, for example am erste Tag or der ersten Tag instead of der erste Tag. Match the ending to the article and the noun, exactly as you would with any adjective.

Examples 5

Test yourself

  1. 1 Sprachbausteine

    Heute ist Mai, ich habe frei.

    Show answer

    Correct answer: der erste

    After the article der the ordinal takes the weak ending -e, and Mai is masculine nominative, so der erste Mai is correct.

    • dem ersten is dative, which does not match the nominative after ist.
    • den ersten is accusative, but sein here needs a nominative complement.
    • der ersten mixes a masculine article with a feminine or plural ending.

In this topic: Numbers, dates and time

  1. einundzwanzig, siebenundvierzig numbers 21 to 99: ones first, joined by und
  2. eins, ein Buch, einundzwanzig the many faces of the number one
  3. der erste, der zweite, der zwanzigste saying first, second, twentieth with the right endings
  4. der dritte Mai, am dritten Mai saying and writing dates with ordinals
  5. 1998, im Jahr 1998 saying a year: bare, with im Jahr, never with in
  6. halb acht = 7:30 halb + next hour means half before it
  7. Viertel nach sieben, zehn vor acht saying minutes past and to the hour with nach and vor
  8. 19:45 Uhr: neunzehn Uhr fünfundvierzig Saying clock times with the 24-hour clock
  9. 3,50 €: drei Euro fünfzig saying prices: Euro then cents, no plural -s

Example sentences from Tatoeba, used under CC BY 2.0 FR. See sources.

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